1. Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS: McCutcheon et al., 2004). This instrument is a 22-item Likert-type scale in which respondents are asked to indicate their attitude towards a favorite celebrity (that they themselves have named) using a response format "strongly agree" equal to 5 and "strongly disagree" equal to 1. However, among UK samples (McCutcheon, Maltby, Houran, & Ashe, 2004), three "subscales" were formed; Entertainment-Social (10 items; e.g 'My friends and I like to discuss what my favourite celebrity has done', item 5); Intense-Personal (9 items; 'I share with my favourite celebrity a special bond that cannot be described in words', item 2), and Borderline-pathological (3 items; 'If I were lucky enough to meet my favourite celebrity, and he/she asked me to do something illegal as a favour, I would probably do it,' item 22).
2. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Terry, 1988). The NPI is a 40-item, forced-choice, dyadic scale designed to measure the extent to which one has the characteristics of the narcissistic personality. Each response indicative of narcissism scores one point. Principal-component factor analysis has revealed seven interpretable factors. Each appears as a subscale named below, along with the number of items in the subscale and a sample item for each:
The NPI "has shown considerable evidence of construct validity and internal consistency" (Rhodewalt & Morf, 1995, p. 5), and it "has become the standard measure of narcissism in normal populations" (Wallace & Baumeister, 2002, p. 820).
3. The Self-liking/Self-competence Self Esteem Scale (SSSES; Tafarodi & Swann, 2001). The scale is a two-dimensional measure of self-esteem comprising 8 item measures of self-liking ("I am secure about my sense of self-worth;" item 5) and self-competence ("I perform very well at many things;" item 12). The scale emerged from a number of analyses examining the factor structure of self-esteem items (Tafarodi & Swann, 2001). Convergent and discriminant validity have been found for the scale using self and parental reports of self-esteem (Tafarodi & Swann, 2001).
2. The Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Terry, 1988). The NPI is a 40-item, forced-choice, dyadic scale designed to measure the extent to which one has the characteristics of the narcissistic personality. Each response indicative of narcissism scores one point. Principal-component factor analysis has revealed seven interpretable factors. Each appears as a subscale named below, along with the number of items in the subscale and a sample item for each:
The NPI "has shown considerable evidence of construct validity and internal consistency" (Rhodewalt & Morf, 1995, p. 5), and it "has become the standard measure of narcissism in normal populations" (Wallace & Baumeister, 2002, p. 820).
3. The Self-liking/Self-competence Self Esteem Scale (SSSES; Tafarodi & Swann, 2001). The scale is a two-dimensional measure of self-esteem comprising 8 item measures of self-liking ("I am secure about my sense of self-worth;" item 5) and self-competence ("I perform very well at many things;" item 12). The scale emerged from a number of analyses examining the factor structure of self-esteem items (Tafarodi & Swann, 2001). Convergent and discriminant validity have been found for the scale using self and parental reports of self-esteem (Tafarodi & Swann, 2001).